91社区

Cosmologist Jonathan Sievers and international-relations scholar Jennifer Welsh will become Canada 150 Research Chairs at 91社区. The appointments were among the oday at the听Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec,听by Minister of Science Kirsty Duncan.听听

The Canada 150 Research Chairs Program, created in celebration of Canada鈥檚 150^th anniversary, aims to attract top-tier, internationally based researchers and scholars whose accomplishments have made a major impact in their fields.听Under the $117.6 million, one-time funding program, the Chairs are created for a seven-year term at听$350,000 per year or $1 million per year.

Welsh and Sievers are expected to help shape the futures of two flourishing听research areas at 91社区: Sievers will join the Department of Physics in the Faculty of Science and the 91社区 Space Institute in August, while Welsh will join the Department of Political Science in the Faculty of Arts and the recently inaugurated Max Bell School of Public Policy in January.

鈥淲e are extremely pleased to welcome to 91社区 these two internationally acclaimed scholars, thanks to the Canadian government鈥檚 Canada 150 Chairs program,鈥� said 91社区 Principal and Vice-Chancellor Suzanne Fortier.听 鈥淭hey will bolster Canada鈥檚 considerable strengths in the fields of astronomy and public policy.鈥�

A look at 91社区鈥檚 two new C150 Chairs:

Jennifer Welsh
(C150 Chair in Global Governance and Security)

By Amanda Testani and Chris Chipello

鈥檚 rare combination of high-impact scholarship, diplomatic experience, and public engagement make her a perfect fit for her new role. As Canada 150 Research Chair in Global Governance and Security, she will focus on the changing character and regulation of armed conflict, including the roles of key institutions such as the United Nations, national armed forces, non-state armed groups, and humanitarian organizations.

Welsh carved out a reputation as one of the world鈥檚 most prominent thinkers on the history and practice of humanitarian intervention during her years as an international-relations professor at the University of Oxford.听 In 2013, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon appointed her as his Special Advisor on the Responsibility to Protect, a political commitment by all heads of state to prevent and respond to atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing.

A Rhodes scholar and former Trudeau Fellow, Welsh helped create and direct the , the first interdisciplinary institute of its kind in Europe. Since 2014, she has been Professor and Chair in International Relations at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, where she has continued to direct the European Research Council project on the

At 91社区, Welsh will hold a joint appointment between the Department of Political Science and the new Max Bell School of Public Policy. She will also serve as director of the Centre for International Peace and Security Studies, which brings together researchers from 91社区 and Universit茅 de Montr茅al to focus on issues at the interface of international relations and public policy.

鈥淲e are very fortunate to be able to welcome such a fine and acclaimed scholar back to Canada, to have Professor Welsh鈥檚 remarkable achievements recognized and celebrated, and to plan for an exciting future at 91社区,鈥� said Dean of Arts Antonia Maioni.

From Regina to Oxford

Welsh was born and raised in Regina, Saskatchewan, and is of Metis descent. After studying Political Science at the University of Saskatchewan, she went on to earn Master鈥檚 and PhD degrees in International Relations at Oxford. From a young age, Welsh wanted to be a journalist, as she was fascinated by world events that were starting to become more accessible with the rise of global and 鈥渞eal-time鈥� media.听 But it was during her time in Oxford, marked by historic events such as the protests in Tiananmen Square and the end of the Cold War, that she realized she wanted to do research and teach in International Relations.

In the early 2000s, Welsh also established herself as one of the key academic voices on Canadian foreign policy.听 In the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the U.S., she proposed a strategic focus for Canada that included a new relationship with the U.S. -- as part of a larger North American community -- as well as an agenda for global engagement that transcended Canada鈥檚 history role as a 鈥渕iddle power.鈥� This strategy was set out in her 2004 book At Home in the World: Canada鈥檚 Global Vision for the 21^st Century. In 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin asked her to act as lead writer for the Canadian government鈥檚 International Policy Statement, which remains the most recent full strategic review of Canadian foreign policy, integrating defense, diplomacy, and development.

A piece of the Berlin Wall

Welsh鈥檚 most recent high-profile contribution to scholarship and public debate was through her , a series of public lectures delivered in cities across Canada and broadcast on CBC radio.

On Nov. 9, 1989, Welsh was a graduate student at Oxford when images of East Germans chipping away at the Berlin Wall flashed across television screens. Along with some of her classmates, she grabbed a flight to Berlin to witness the historic听event first-hand.

鈥淲hen we arrived the next day, the party atmosphere along the Wall had exploded,鈥� she recalls in , a book summarizing her CBC Massey Lectures.听 鈥淚t was estimated that close to two million East Germans crossed over into West Berlin the weekend after the Wall fell 鈥� I came home with my own piece of the Wall, painted with graffiti, as well as a euphoric sense of being at the centre of history. The collapse of communist regimes was so rapid that scholars and journalists scrambled to keep up.鈥�

History is back

In the book, Welsh analyzes the fate of U.S. political scientist Francis Fukuyama鈥檚 1992 optimistic prognosis about the 鈥渆nd of history鈥�, and examines four trends undermining liberal democratic norms both at home and abroad. The chapter on the 鈥渞eturn of barbarism鈥� analyzes the development and evolution of international humanitarian law, and examines how its impact is being eroded by both state and non-state actors 鈥� a topic that is a focus of her current research.

鈥淟iberal democracy has overcome many crises in its relatively short history,鈥� she writes. 鈥淏ut its capacity to do so has lulled both the rulers and the ruled in Western societies into a state of complacency. Our relative success in the past has created blind spots that now threaten to take us into a decade or more of great political, as well as economic, turmoil. History is back, with a vengeance.鈥�

Welsh is leaving Europe after almost 20 years, at a time when the continent is faced with a series of challenges 鈥� including Britain鈥檚 withdrawal from the European Union, continued refugee flows, and the rise of populist parties with nationalist and anti-immigrant platforms. While a part of her will miss all that is vibrant about European society, culture and politics, she says, she is looking forward to contributing to scholarship and public debate back home.

鈥淔or most of my life I鈥檝e been what political theorists like to call a 鈥榬ooted cosmopolitan鈥�,鈥� she explains. 鈥淚鈥檓 proud that people tell me that my accent has remained Canadian, and I remain deeply attached to the place and people to whom I 鈥榖elong鈥�. I鈥檓 delighted that my children will grow up in the country that gave me so much.鈥�

鈥�

Jonathan Sievers
(C150 Chair in Theoretical and Observational Cosmology)

By Chris Chipello

In the three years since its creation, the 91社区 Space Institute has emerged as one of Canada鈥檚 premier centres for astrophysics and cosmology. Its newest recruit will surely add to the buzz.

As the mapmaking lead over the past decade for the , perched high in the Chilean Andes, 鈥渉as singlehandedly changed the way researchers map the cosmos,鈥� says MSI Director Victoria Kaspi.

The Atacama telescope was built in 2007 to observe 鈥� deep in space -- the afterglow of the Big Bang. Studies of this afterglow, known as the cosmic microwave background (or CMB), have transformed astronomers鈥� understanding of cosmology. Sievers wrote the algorithms that enable massive supercomputers to churn raw data from the Atacama into maps of the afterglow; these, in turn, have been used by astronomers to produce the most precise measurements of the age of the universe and the stuff it鈥檚 made of.

At the same time, Sievers is considered a leader in the study of galaxy clusters 鈥� vast clumps of galaxies bound together by gravity. He was also one of the lead authors on a landmark 2015 Nature paper on the recently discovered and mysterious cosmic phenomenon known as fast radio bursts (FRBs). That FRB study helped shape observing strategies for telescopes of the future, including the recently inaugurated in British Columbia. (91社区 researchers are playing a leading role at CHIME, along with colleagues from the University of Toronto and University of British Columbia.)

High-tech cosmology

While Canada is already a significant global player in cosmology, Sievers鈥� expertise in data analysis will fill a gap between the country鈥檚 world-leading theoretical cosmologists, such as 91社区鈥檚 Robert Brandenberger, and its top cosmology instrument designers, including the MSI鈥檚 Matt Dobbs.

Sievers鈥� arrival 鈥渨ill make Canada independently capable of major end-to-end high-tech cosmology research initiatives,鈥欌�� Dobbs says. 鈥淗e is ideally poised to interpret data from upcoming 21cm experiments that will help us better understand the nature of Dark Energy and peer into the cosmic dark ages.鈥澨�

After graduating from MIT in 1997 with bachelor鈥檚 degrees in Physics and听Math and a minor in Music, Sievers went on to earn a PhD in Astronomy from Caltech. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the Canadian Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, he spent two years as an associate research scholar at Princeton University.

Since 2013, Sievers has been a Research Professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where he is leading the creation of a massive telescope array, known as HIRAX. This 25-institution, international collaboration will map the sky of the Southern Hemisphere in much the same way that CHIME is mapping the northern sky.

鈥淧rof. Sievers鈥� leadership on HIRAX perfectly complements the work being done on CHIME,鈥� Kaspi says. 鈥淗is arrival will cement existing collaborations between CHIME and HIRAX scientists.鈥�

HIRAX鈥檚 Southern hemisphere location could also make it a powerful engine for studying pulsars 鈥� rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars 鈥� another field in which the MSI has strong expertise.

Far-flung sites

Like Dobbs, whose telescope-building adventures have taken him to such far-flung sites as the South Pole, Sievers is no stranger to exotic locations. He is the principal investigator on an experiment based on Marion Island, halfway between South Africa and Antarctica 鈥� far from the human-generated radio interference that have stymied previous efforts to discern a critical phase of the early universe. Marion Island听(which Sievers learned about from the South African Airways in-flight magazine)听serves primarily as a zoological and botanical research station; his听team is the first group of astronomers to work there.听 听

鈥淎 research ship visits Marion once a year for about three weeks, and all hardware and spares must be brought down,鈥� Sievers says. 鈥淒uring the 2017 voyage, our team found a site on the island, set up the antennas and all the infrastructure necessary at the new site to run for a year. While analysis is ongoing, the early data are spectacularly clean, with no detectable interference anywhere in the expected signal band, giving us hope we will be among the first groups to detect traces of the universe鈥檚 first light.鈥�

, a senior lecturer at University of KwaZulu-Natal and lead instrument scientist for the Marion Island project (as well as HIRAX), will also be bolstering 91社区鈥檚 formidable radio-astronomy group: she will join the Department of Physics and the MSI as an Associate Professor. Chiang earned her PhD from Caltech in 2008, and has gone on to develop and deploy radical new technology for astrophysical instruments.

New base

The new base of operations for Sievers and Chiang will be the MSI, a repurposed Victorian townhouse at the edge of 91社区鈥檚 downtown Montreal campus. Professors and grad students gather regularly in the salon to chew over topics ranging from the latest gravitational-wave detection to microbial life in Mars-like environments. They also venture out to explain the wonders of the cosmos to the public at large through the astrophysics group鈥檚 popular outreach events.

鈥淎stronomy has captured the imagination of people throughout history,鈥� says 91社区 Dean of Science Bruce Lennox. 鈥淒r. Sievers鈥� deep involvement in major research collaborations worldwide will strengthen Canada鈥檚 astrophysical research community and expand its global reach.鈥�

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