91社区

听

Learning To Live:听Food, Belonging, and Imagining Change in Neoliberal Peru

听

J. Alonso Gamarra. PhD Candidate, 91社区.

Abstract: In 2009, the Southern Peru Copper Corporation presented an Environmental Impact Assessment for two open-pit copper mines in the Tambo Valley (Arequipa, Peru). As per the project鈥檚 current design, both mines would be situated on the north bank of the river. More than 45,000 people live in the Tambo Valley and rely on the river for potable water and to irrigate 13,000 hectares of arable land. Roughly a third of the valley鈥檚 working-age residents practice small-scale agriculture, supplying a network of regional markets.听听For over a decade, the T铆a Mar铆a Project has been at the centre of a conflict between the residents of the Tambo Valley and the Southern Peru Copper Corporation. In 2011, 2015, and 2019, this conflict gave rise to protracted militarized interventions, resulting in seven deaths, more than 300 injuries, and numerous reports of police brutality, which remain uninvestigated. The ordinary and spectacular forms of violence undergirding the T铆a Mar铆a Conflict reveal some of the connections between Peru鈥檚 current political-economic regime and its layered histories of violence.听 Peru鈥檚 first wave of neoliberal reforms was implemented in the 1990s by the authoritarian regime of Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) in a context marked by extreme economic instability and internal armed conflict (1980-2000). Post-conflict ethnographies have tended to focus on the afterlives of war in communities that survived the violence enacted by the Shining Path Guerrilla or the Peruvian Armed Forces. Works concerned with post-conflict patterns of extractive development track the discursive, institutional, militarized legacies of a process of neoliberal reforms enacted at a time of authoritarianism and war. However, there is no current research on the forms of ordinary ethics and political life that emerge from the pressures, commitments, and resources available at the shifting margins of Peru鈥檚 neoliberal state.听听As growing inequalities translate into lived experiences of affliction and unrest, we might ask: how does change become imaginable for the people living at the shifting margins of the neoliberal state? Drawing from two years of conversation and participant observation in the Tambo Valley, this talk describes a farmer鈥檚 experiences of the T铆a Maria Conflict as these found expression in a particular way of voicing her desires for change.听

Speaker:听J. Alonso Gamarra is a PhD candidate in Anthropology Department at 91社区. His research explores the relationship between food and belonging in neoliberal Peru. Through an experience-near engagement with the everyday lives of farmers, market workers and activists, Alonso鈥檚 dissertation describes how local foodways and cultivation techniques give life form in social worlds affected by one of Peru鈥檚 major eco-territorial conflicts, The T铆a Mar铆a Mining Conflict. Framing Peruvian neoliberalism as a political-economic regime constituted through authoritarian state reforms enacted amid the upheavals of a protracted internal armed conflict (1980-2000), Alonso鈥檚 writing projects trace the afterlives of these transformations in the overlapping social worlds of project participants. In doing so, they seek to render an ethnographic picture of belonging in neoliberal Peru.

听

听

For the Children Lost and Yet to Come: Restitution and the Indigenous Genocide

听

Philippe Blouin. PhD Candidate, 91社区.

Abstract: Settler colonial disgrace in the face of the thousands of unmarked graves of Indigenous children uncovered near Residential Schools calls for reassessing the prerequisites for being welcomed on this land. The Rotinonshonni Confederacy summed up these conditions in the 1613 Tehiohate, or Two Row Wampum agreement, stating that the Indigenous canoe and the settlers鈥� ship can travel side by side provided that they both remain parallel, refraining from encroaching on each other鈥檚 path. Rather than hastily advocating reconciliation, I suggest that doing justice to these horrific revelations requires retreating from colonial encroachment to heed Indigenous voices regarding the proper forms that reparations should take, and by following their own legal and social frameworks. Drawing on my field experience working on traditional Rotinonshonni alliance protocols, this presentation will explore the idea that only the restitution of the land to past and future generations could bring closure and rest to the generations lost to genocide.听

Speaker: Philippe Blouin is a PhD candidate in anthropology at 91社区. He published essays in Liaisons and Stasis, and coordinated editorial work on the upcoming book听The Mohawk Warrior Society. A Handbook on Sovereignty and Survival听(PM Press).

听

听

Utopic Magician: Rude History of our Sci-Fi Present

Nicolas Rasiulis. PhD Candidate, 91社区听

Abstract: Things are pretty normal these days. No funny business since 2020. Ha鈥�ha. Global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2, correlate illness COVID-19. Global Public Health guidelines. Lockdowns. Two weeks to flatten the curve. Isolation, and confinement to virtual reality. We鈥檙e all in this together. UFOs. Mask mandates. Operation Warp Speed. Follow the Science. Superspreaders. Every recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection is a COVID-19 case. Salvation in vaccination. Vaccine injuries鈥攚hat a bunch of hooey! Some folks think Earth is flat, and that鈥檚 a big problem now. Some think others are reptiles. Is that not kind of funny? It鈥檚 dangerous! So are supply chain disruptions, which are caused singlehandedly by the pandemic. Beware of deflation. Borrow, borrow, borrow, print, print, print, bailout, bailout, bailout! Somehow inflation happens. No way anyone is getting even more extremely wealthy... Great Reset. Build Back Better. Epstein鈥檚 island and secret society. Biometric surveillance. Algorithmic herding. Mutilation of civic discourse. Riots. Critical thought enters a coma or else hyper-activates, like with those nutty conspiracy theorists. Denying medicine. Scientists and healthcare practitioners being censored or else censoring themselves. Fact-check inquisition wildfire. Actual wildfires. And floods. Climate apocalypse: code red for humanity. Cancelled. De-platformed. De-monetized. FBI investigates parents for schoolboard 鈥渢errorism.鈥� Canadian Armed Forces propaganda admittedly applied to Canadians in order to help with the war (on COVID and disinformation) efforts. Australia鈥檚 Remembrance Shrine stormed by riot police firing gas-grenades and rubber bullets at peaceful protesters. In Canada, work is underway to establish zones where only one type of protest (i.e. that which is critical of public health measures) is illegal. Human-monkey chimeras. Yeah, it鈥檚 not just on Info Wars, but also in Nature. Vaccine mandates. Biotechnological segregation checkpoints, operated and enforced largely by Mr/Mme Tout-Le-Monde. Coercive digital certification of compliant participation in experimental medical procedures, with insufficient oversight. Social credit score. Concentration camps in China. Breakthrough cases. Pandemic of the unvaccinated. Orwellian doublethink. Lockdown of the unvaccinated in Austria. Will other countries follow suit? In the words of an Austrian who so happens to be the Terminator and former Governor of California, 鈥淪crew your freedom.鈥澨� All this can seem terrifically concerning. But, for some, the mere raising of these issues can be seen as unsavoury and ludicrous, if not deranged and dangerous. It is almost as if one鈥檚 mind either melts or atrophies in our current state of emergency. With only very limited musical or theatrical outbursts, 鈥淯topic Magician鈥� is a rude attempt at fleshing out traces and whiffs of how we got here, and of exactly where we are. Alternatively, it can be approached as an intimate glance into the delusions of a madman passing as a scholar.

听

听

Translocal lives and journeys: Mobilities, connections and places in the trajectories of Romani families across and beyond the Atlantic

Dr. Esteban Acu帽a Cabanzo. Researcher at the Instituto Caro y Cuervo (Colombia).

Abstract: When it comes to Romani groups, also referred to as 鈥淕ypsies鈥�, academic literature鈥檚 focus in Europe has created a default spatial constraint, ignoring their presence and histories in other places. This talk elaborates on the speaker鈥檚 doctoral dissertation, which delves into a set of biographical narratives that detail the journeys of Romani individuals and groups across and beyond the Atlantic. The research endeavor inquired why and how the described mobilities take place, as well as who is able to embark on these transatlantic journeys. It also asked for the contexts that make such mobilities possible, including networks, infrastructures, media, and historical and geopolitical processes and power regimes.听 The talk is divided into two parts: first, it concentrates on the methodology developed in order to trace these stories in multiple sites, an ethnography particularly sensitive to questions of mobility and immobility. Second, it summarizes the dissertation鈥檚 findings that pertain to questions of space and mobility in cultural anthropology. The methodological section explains the author鈥檚 approach to tracing the mentioned journeys. It explains how research techniques shifted from focusing on three key zones chosen to exemplify Romani mobilities 鈥� Bogota, Budapest and Toronto 鈥� to focusing on movements and connections among and between them. A second section will explain the dissertation鈥檚 findings concerning particular mobile practices and experiences of Romani families, how connections and networks are formed, and how they are enmeshed in concrete material and discursive contexts, as well as power relations. Closing remarks attempt to bring into dialogue notions of mobility and territory, given shared understandings of these concepts as processes resulting from social relations and assemblages, which are in turn crucial for specific life projects, livelihoods and notions of wellbeing.

听

听

Rot, Feral Animals and Dispossession: Images of the Afterlives of War in Colombia

Dr. Daniel Ruiz-Serna. Postdoctoral Fellow, University of British Columbia & Concordia University

Abstract: In this presentation I examine the ruinous traces left by armed conflict in the villages of Afro-Colombian rural peoples living in the Colombian Pacific lowlands. Through a set of images that illustrate the way animals and plants participate in the decline of abandoned houses and fields, I show that war is not just a phenomenon unfolding in particular places, but rather a force producing such places. Attention to the lasting effects produced by rubble, resurgent forests, feral animals, and trees pocked from gunfire compels us to reconsider how to assess the environmental impacts of war.听

听

听

The emergence of community support for conservation in the Maasai Steppe, Tanzania

Unpacking the activist-researcher dilemma: Perspectives from Australia in navigating precarity, security, and responsibility among grassroots activists

脡lise Imray Papineau. PhD candidate at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

Abstract: Grassroots activists are individuals who seek to undermine power from the bottomup to achieve social or political change for a given cause or campaign. Since grassroots activists not only operate outside dominant structures of power, but also actively resist them, they navigate different realms of precarity from social stigma to legal persecution. Their experience is not only shaped by a particular spatial and temporal context, but it is also deeply linked with identity politics, class, and hegemonic attitudes in 鈥極thering鈥�. For my PhD research on crosscultural grassroots activist cultures and praxes, it is crucial to open dialogue with activists themselves, but this prompts some important methodological and ethical questions. What measures will help mitigate the potential risks to participants? How can I ensure that my project design compromises neither the trust and safety of individuals nor the interests of the activist collective? How will I negotiate my insider status and my personal commitment to activist struggles while carrying out the responsibilities of a researcher? Centre for Society, Technology, and Development This presentation will explore some practical ways in which a researcher working with grassroots activists should mitigate concerns both for themselves and for participants. Drawing on the experience of in-person fieldwork in Australia, I will begin by situating contemporary grassroots activists as actors who navigate everyday precarity in their performances of resistance. Next, I will discuss the practical risks and ethical concerns raised around my project, which signal a need to reassess the ethnographic method. Next, I critically inquire about the effectiveness of the risk management guidelines that I implemented in the recruitment phase to mitigate risks for vulnerable participants. Finally, I consider the implications of 鈥榠nsider status鈥� and my dual role as a researcher and activist.

Speaker: 脡lise Imray Papineau is a PhD candidate at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia. Her doctoral research will situate DIY and gender dynamics amid the cultures and praxes of grassroots activists in Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines. She completed her M.Sc. in Anthropology at the University of Montreal having researched Muslim Punk in Indonesia. Elise is herself an organizer and participant in the grassroots activist scene in Brisbane, and spends her free time printing political handmade shirts for a side project entitled Punks for the Planet.

听

听

Moving Deserts. Resilience among Turkana herders in the northern Kenyan drylands

Dr. Greta Semplici. The Oxford Department of International Development.

Abstract: Ideas of resilience are not new. Etymologically grounded on post-classical Latin resilientia, resilience has travelled across several disciplines to a considerable stretch from its original meanings. It has become a 鈥渒ey political category of our time鈥� (Neocleus 2013), being quickly modelled, operationalised, and implemented despite a general lack of nuanced understanding of what it means. A fear is that it became mainstream in the development sector too quickly, before it could thoroughly be understood and studied (Brown 2015, Korostoleva 2019). This presentation explores meanings of resilience from the perspective of pastoral communities in drylands and in the context of their everyday lives. It draws on long term doctoral fieldwork with the Turkana herders living in Kenyan鈥檚 northern drylands, a place of 鈥渞esilience making鈥� for the international community. Threatened by recurrent droughts, security issues, and precarious living, Turkana County is the perfect laboratory for international organisations interested in 鈥渂uilding resilience鈥� to shocks and disasters, and in turn also a compelling case for a study which hopes to bring a more grounded, nuanced, and rooted understanding of resilience in drylands. The empirical analysis reveals the fundamental role of mobility in the lived experiences of Turkana herders. The most significant contribution of this study is the emergence of mobility as an integral part of everyday life, providing a new lens for the understanding of resilience which challenges equilibrium oriented and 鈥渂ouncing鈥� views of resilience. Instead, I argue that mobility鈥攊n its many manifestations, as a quality of space, as something people do, as an aspect of identity鈥攁llows for more fluid, dynamic, and kaleidoscopic accounts of peoples鈥� lives at the interface of an ever changing and highly uncertain world. I thus propose mobility as the site where resilience takes root and where a richer grasp of resilience, drylands, and pastoralism can be found. This presentation is based on my PhD thesis, at the Oxford Department of International Development (ODID), which I am currently re-working into a monograph.

Speaker: Dr. Greta Semplici is a Max Weber Fellow at European University Institute, Florence, Italy. She earned her PhD from the Oxford Department of International Development (ODID), Oxford, UK. She holds a master鈥檚 degrees from the University of Florence, in Development Economics and International Cooperation. She has extensively worked in the development sector for international organisations (FAO), relevant think tanks (ODI) and research programmes (European funded programme PASTRES). Her research interets lie at the interface between development questions, society, culture, and the enviornment. She has worked on resilience, social protection, livelihoods, pastoralism, and mobility.

听

听

Dairy Cultures: Milk Fermentation, Heritage and Microbial Biogeographies in Mongolia

Bj枚rn Reichhardt. PhD student, The Central Asian Seminar of the Humboldt University, Berlin.

Abstract: To Mongolian pastoralists, milk is more than just a food. As a white food (tsagaan idee) it is sacred, represents purity, and is deeply integrated in sociocultural practices that connect humans, animals, spirits and environments. In this presentation, I illustrate ethnographic encounters with dairying practices and dairy microbes in various regions of Mongolia. Drawing on multi-sited fieldwork conducted during three consecutive summers, I focus on the sociocultural role of microbial starter cultures. The Mongolian word for starter culture is kh枚r枚ng枚 , which also means capital and heritage. In order to produce the best fermented mare鈥檚 milk, herders travel hundreds of miles for a reliable starter culture. Yoghurt starter cultures, in turn, are shared across generations and between neighbouring households. Accordingly, kh枚r枚ng枚 forms complex biosocial assemblages with biogeographies that are difficult, if not impossible, to trace. In this context, studying dairy microbes from a sociocultural anthropological approach sheds new light on starter cultures as mobile entities of value across space and time. Speaker: Bj枚rn Reichhardt is a PhD student at the Central Asian Seminar of the Humboldt University of Berlin where his research comprises relationships of spatial production, border making processes and post-socialist uncertainty in Mongolia. Holding a Bachelor鈥檚 (BSc) degree in Human Geography (Free University of Berlin) and a Master鈥檚 degree in Central Asian Studies (Humboldt University of Berlin), his research is situated at the intersection of sociocultural anthropology and cultural geography. He is also a research assistant at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History where he works on pastoral dairying in Mongolia from a multispecies ethnography perspective within the project 鈥楧airy Cultures: Gene-Culture-Microbiome Evolution and the Ancient Invention of Dairy Foods鈥�.

听

Losing Land to Gain Conservation? Disciplining Pastoral Livelihoods in the Racial Capitalocene.

Kariuki Kirigia. PhD, 91社区.

Abstract: The precarity of life on the planet occasioned by climate change has coerced humanity to reflect on ways of relating with the other than human world. Constitutive of this reflective adventure is the task to come up with innovative ways of fostering global conservation, among other sustainability pursuits. An approach that has gained favour among many Western conservationists is the financialization of nature through initiatives such as payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes and ecotourism. While this financial turn is seen both as a way of attaching value to nature and promoting eco-rationality, I advance that it is the neoliberal capitalist logic that has greatly sutured these conservation initiatives. Focussing on Eastern and Southern Africa, and Kenya specifically, I set out to examine what forces are really at play in the recent support for and adoption of wildlife conservancies - wildlife conservation areas established on private land. Biodiversity conservation in Kenya has been largely framed as wildlife conservation, resulting in the foregrounding of non-human world and concomitantly the backgrounding of pastoral communities occupying biodiverse-rich areas. Arguably, an anthropocentric view undergirds such foregrounding and backgrounding, which gives currency to the designation of this age as the Anthropocene. I draw on Cedric Robinson鈥檚 鈥渞acial capitalism鈥� and 鈥淏lack radical tradition鈥� to reflect on the mechanics shaping the conservation scene in Kenya and the resultant implications for biodiversity conservation and pastoral livelihoods in what I contend is the Capitalocene age.

听

听

Plant Calling 鈥� The Joy of Bassingl猫g猫 Forest, Cameroon

Dr. Julie Laplante.听 Full Professor, School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa

Abstract: Diverse human-plant relations are maintained amidst the practices of the Cameroonian Association of Research in Anthropology of traditional Medicine (ARAM). An anthropology of becomings in phenomenological and cosmological orientations is designed to address these lively modalities of entering in relation with the vegetal. The body of the text explores these modes through 3 spatio-temporal figurations enabling to comprehend the phenomena of fluctuating intensities in human-plant relations. In the first space-time in the operational site of ARAM in the district of Etoa of the periphery of Yaound茅 in Cameroon, useful live and dried plants take part in everyday healing practices. The second and third spatio-temporalities correspond respectively with the replanted forest and the ancestral forest at the proximity of ARAM鈥檚 Antenna (base) Lamal-Pougu猫 situated at some 100km North of the city, in the direction towards Douala. There, plants call the healer, or he calls upon them in search of remedies. Even more reverential relations with the vegetal are established with ancestral trees, from which we can seek potency and joy.

Speaker: My interests revolve around indigenous and humanitarian medicines, knowledge in healing, plant and molecule based remedies, clinical trials and bodily, visual, sound abilities in healing. Recent anthropological film . New book

听

听

The Care Work of Life Apportionment

Dr. Alex Oehler, Assistant Professor, Anthropology, University of Regina

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between herding and hunting practices in the mountainous environment of Indigenous Soyots of Okinskii Raion (Oka), Buryatia. It traces an animistic approach to the concept of balance among sentient entities, including landscapes, identifying it as an underlying ethic governing the relationships of domestic and non-domestic animals with humans. Drawing on this ethic of care, the paper identifies practices directed at achieving balance as a form of resistance to assertions of outright control over living beings. The author begins by problematising the concept of care, pointing to basic ontological differences identified in anthropological literature, before addressing how care and balance are related. Here care is understood as a matter of attentiveness: a skill that links herding and hunting practices. The paper then delves into three concrete areas of care: the care of creating life in living and calving spaces; the care of holding life together through material implements and invocation of intangible protective forces; and, finally, care for species diversity in local yak and hybrid breeding practices.

Speaker: Since 2012, I have been working with hunters and herders of the Eastern Saian Mountains in South Central Siberia. This is where I conducted my doctoral work, and where I continue to research human-animal relations in alpine and forested environments. I am interested in multispecies ethnography and how hunting and herding are negotiated from shamanist and Buddhist perspectives. In scholarship and in person, I spend time with people as they interact with reindeer/caribou, whales, horses, yak, sheep, fish, wolves, bears, trees, and plant life. In this context I also work on questions relating to animal domestication. Previously, I have conducted community-based research with Inuvialuit language teachers of the Mackenzie Delta. In the Western Canadian Arctic I am interested in ancient and contemporary ways of human-animal communication and conceptions of morality. I have taught courses on environmental anthropology, the anthropology of human-animal relations, museums and archival research, the anthropology of religion, and circumpolar ethnography.
For more information, visit me at

听

听

Economic diversification among Mongolian reindeer herders: Continuity and change in the Tannu Uriankhai Girdle

Nicolas Rasiulis. PhD Candidate, 91社区.

Abstract: This paper examines Dukha economic diversification in light of the history of the Upper Yenisei鈥揇arkhad Depression region in northern Inner Asia. Before its dislocation into discrete territories of different socialist countries in the early twentieth century, this place, which I call the Tannu Uriankhai Girdle, comprised an integrated economic mosaic that featured both taiga- and steppe-based pastoralism, as well as hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, inter- and intra-regional trade and remunerated labour. Reindeer pastoralism complemented and was complemented by the other facets of this economic mosaic. Now the Dukha economy itself comprises nearly all facets of this mosaic. This economic configuration affords and is afforded by greater degrees of autonomy and autarky, which reinforce and are reinforced by the ongoing partnership between Dukhas, reindeer and their shared taiga homeland.

听

听

Setting and Plot: Constituting and contesting Borders and Borderland Practices in the Tannu Uriankhai Girdle

Nicolas Rasiulis. PhD Candidate, 91社区.

Abstract: This paper is an abridged version of a longer manuscript. The purpose of this piece is manifold. First, I aim to help fill the seeming void insofar as a name for the whole Upper Yenisei Basin 鈥� Darkhad Depression region is concerned, and in so doing emphasize the value鈥攁nd facilitate the practice鈥攐f treating the region as a distinct object of analysis. I propose the name: 鈥楾annu Uriankhai Girdle.鈥� My second and most important aim is to trace the constitution and contestation of internal and external borders, as well as of borderland prescriptions and proscriptions, in Dukha territory since the eighteenth century. In doing so, my objective is to situate the Tengis-Shishged National Park, a borderland territory established by the Mongolian state in 2011, both historically as well as in relation to broader contemporary political and economic processes entangled with universalized nature conservation. In order to realize this objective I expose a centuries-long tale of the perdurance of Dukha people and ethea in relation to state territorialization in what is now northernmost Mongolia. I order this tale in four movements: late monarchism; state socialism; post-socialist transition; and (pedal to the metal) neoliberalism. This abridged paper thoroughly examines the first movement before touching upon the others in conclusion. I begin the tale in the eighteenth century because that is when the area under study was fully incorporated into the Qing Empire, and it is arguably the period that spawned the earliest instance of state-governed nature conservation in the study area. I finish with our present moment not only as a logical endpoint for the tale, but also, and more emphatically, to highlight the emergent and unresolved nature of conservation-based conflicts currently playing out in the area.

Nicolas Rasiulis is a Canadian-Lithuanian anthropologist. As both an undergraduate at the University of Ottawa and a canoe expedition guide, Nicolas researched transformative effects of open-air nomadism on relations with oneself, others, and nature. During his master鈥檚 at the University of Ottawa, Nicolas researched ways in which Mongolian Dukha reindeer pastoralists realize livelihoods through largely collaborative and playful acrobatic improvisation. Currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Anthropology at 91社区, Nicolas鈥� work now attends to Dukha adjustments to nature conservation regulations within the Tengis-Shishged National Park, and vice versa, as well as to avenues toward collaborative conflict resolution.

听

听

Common (Alpine) Practices on the Use of Public Pastures in Highland Kyrgyzstan and Central Europe

Lisa Francesca Rail. M.A., 91社区

Abstract: The Kyrgyz mountainscape holds an interesting example of communal agrarian land tenure: 49% of the country鈥檚 area are officially designated pasture lands and have remained unalienable property of the state ever since the dissolution of the USSR. At the same time, transhumant animal husbandry continues to be an important livelihood strategy across the post-socialist republic. In 2009 the Kyrgyz government passed a reform that granted the right to manage the grassland to local municipalities: common self-organization was officially decreed by law. Since then, the reform has been ideationally applauded but has also been critiqued as neoliberal transfer of public responsibilities to communities underequipped for the managerial task. However, there has been little empirical investigation on how the legal empowerment of municipalities to regulate their own resources is implemented. How does the coordination of collectively held pastures work in practice? How does the reform transform negotiation conditions and use patterns on the ground? Delving into this gap and based on 2,5 months ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the village of Tamga and on several prior visits, I present a case study on the everyday forms of labor that go into the management of one municipality鈥檚 public pasture commons in the Kyrgyz Tian Shan. I put forth four bundles of practices that are constitutive for the collective use of Tamga鈥檚 alps: the decentralized observation of grass, both formal and informal ways of representing and knowing the land, the distribution of resources other than the pasturage itself but deeply entangled with it, and the reproduction of relationships of mutual obligation within the village.

Combining these observations with experiences of pastoral commons use and management in the Austrian and Swiss alps, I argue that from the specificity of Tamga insights can be drawn for a better understanding of viable agrarian commons situations in general. Namely that commons are made through concrete practices and need to be grasped both in their locally specific historical contingency and within the wider political and economic relations that embed them.

Lisa Francesca Rail studied Social and Cultural Anthropology and Agrarian Sciences in Munich (LMU Munich University), Vienna (BOKU University of Life Sciences), and Montr茅al (91社区). Her research focus lies on agrarian land tenure and access, the political ecology of mountain agriculture and mobile pastoralism, the post-socialist transformation of agriculture, and questions of international food policies. Additionally, she has worked as a herder in central Switzerland and is a long-term active member of the Austrian chapter of La Via Campesina, a globally connected social movement for the rights of peasants and people working in rural areas, and the Ny茅l茅ni Movement for Food Sovereignty.

听

听

Pedagogies for the Anthropocene/Ecozoic: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue.

From the Anthropocene to the Ecozoic

Drs. Peter Brown & Dina Spigelski

Leadership for the Ecozoic (L4E) is a 91社区-based initiative dedicated to helping humanity, and the rest of life鈥檚 commonwealth escape the [well-known] failures of the Anthropocene to a more promising future. Thomas Berry envisaged the Ecozoic where human societies and the global community of life live in mutually enhancing relationships. We are a partnership of universities aimed at higher education reform with three primary goals: 1) to advance transdisciplinary scholarship to educate and empower new leaders; 2) to co-create a global research-to-action network; and 3) to build a global network of campuses that mobilize higher education resources to mitigate multi-faceted, human-induced, planetary declines in life support capacity. L4E courses, a rigorous PhD program, internships and field trips provide students with the background, tools and leadership skills to design and bring into being a flourishing of life on our planet.

听

Decolonial Epistemologies for Indigenous Territories of Life

Dr. Colin Scott

Decolonial action in domains of conservation demand a further leap from interdisciplinarity to trans-epistemic dialogue and learning. Relational ontologies underwrite the knowledge, norms and institutional processes of Indigenous 鈥榯erritories of life,鈥� as these are coming to be recognized in global discourse. The premise is that Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies are vital decolonial keys for nurturing biocultural diversity and socio-ecological integrity. In such a context, how do we shift pedagogy from visions of 鈥榰niverse鈥� and 鈥榰niversity鈥� to 鈥榩luriverse鈥� and 鈥榩luriversity?

听

Community Conservation and Local Livelihoods: The Institutional Canopy of Conservation (I-CAN) Project and its Findings

Dr. John Galaty

I-CAN is a partnership project involving universities in Canada (91社区, Carleton and Victoria) and East Africa (Nairobi in Kenya and Sokoine in Tanzania), the African Conservation Centre (ACC), and pastoral development and conservation NGO鈥檚 working in the eight regional sites where the project has carried out research over the last six years. It has involved faculty researchers, Ph.D students, MA students, and a research associate, Dr. Jacques Pollini. The major focus has been on investigating social and political factors involved in the governance of community-based conservation organizations, or Conservancies, and reconciliation between goals of resource conservation and local livelihoods, primarily of pastoral communities.

The project has addressed issues in Kenya regarding the inclusion of conservation in common or group holdings (Olkiramatian), local ontologies of conservation (Olkiramatian), how conservation goals take account of the aspirations and economic pursuits of youth (Laikipia), economic dimensions of community-investor partnerships (Samburu), the governance role of women in Conservancies (Laikipia), and in Tanzania, tensions between villages, investors and government in conservation (Loliondo), community-government co-management of Wildlife Management Areas (Enduimet), and conflict over land use in a wildlife corridor (Tarangire).

Dr. Pollini鈥檚 research complements that conducted by PhD and MA students by being comprehensive in scope, addressing all I-CAN research topics (livelihoods strategies, community conservation initiatives, conservation policies, institutional changes, land tenure changes, land and resources conflicts, governmentality and environmentality) in all I-CAN research sites in Kenya and Tanzania.

听