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Applicants for the M.Sc. in Experimental Medicine must hold either an M.D. degree, a B.Sc. degree, or the equivalent. The graduate training offered is wide-ranging and addresses experimental aspects of medicine in such diverse areas as:

• endocrinology;
• hematology;
• cardiology;
• oncology;
• gastroenterology;
• genetics;
• infectious diseases.

This thesis program may lead to careers in industry, or serve as a stepping stone to further graduate studies.

Applicants for the M.Sc. Bioethics Option program must hold an M.D.; a Nursing degree; a Physical and Occupational Therapy degree; and/or any other professional health training degree. Students who do not fit these criteria may be considered for admission on an individual basis. The objectives of this research-stream program are to allow students to conduct innovative research in relation to a bioethical issue pertinent to health care, and to acquire a working knowledge of bioethical issues from the current viewpoint of other relevant disciplines such as law, philosophy, and religious studies.

The curriculum is composed of required courses (6 credits) offered in the Biomedical Ethics Unit, Bioethics courses (6-credit minimum) offered by the base faculty or department, and any graduate course required or accepted by a base faculty for the granting of a master鈥檚 degree, for a total of 21 credits. A minimum of 45 credits is required including the thesis. The research culminates in the preparation of a thesis.

Applicants for the M.Sc. Environment Option must meet the requirements for the M.Sc. in Experimental Medicine as well as those set out by the 91社区 School of Environment (MSE) for their graduate option. Acceptance into the option will be based on a student's academic experience and performance; availability of an MSE-accredited supervisor or co-supervisor; the proposed research; and plans for funding as articulated by the supervisor(s). The Environment Option is aimed at students who wish to use interdisciplinary approaches in their graduate research on environmental issues, and who wish to benefit from interactions that will occur as they are brought into contact with students from a wide range of disciplines through structured courses, formal seminars, and informal discussions and networking. The graduate option in Environment provides students with an appreciation for the role of science in informed decision-making in the environmental sector, and its influence on political, socio-economic, and ethical judgments.

Applicants for the Ph.D. in Experimental Medicine must normally hold an M.Sc. degree. The one exception is the possibility of direct entry offered to candidates having demonstrated academic excellence, i.e., a CGPA of 3.5 or more out of a possible 4.0 throughout their undergraduate studies. The training is in the conduct of research in a wide range of medical specialties. The method of instruction consists of a combination of in-class and practical training, as well as exposure to international conferences and guest seminars. Success is ultimately determined by the preparation and defense of a thesis. This program may lead to research careers in industry, government, or academia.

Applicants to the Ph.D. Environment Option must meet the same qualifications as those for the M.Sc. Environment Option, the only difference being that they must hold an M.Sc. rather than simply a B.Sc. For further details, please see the section above regarding the M.Sc. Environment Option.

The objectives of this program are to give students exposure to both theoretical and practical issues relevant to the conception and conduct of a clinical research study, as well as allowing them to put these principles in practice by participating in an ongoing clinical trial. The core element of the diploma is the Practicum in Clinical Research. It is an active 鈥渃lerkship鈥� or 鈥渋ntern/resident-type鈥� participation in an ongoing clinical trial and/or research program. Six 1-credit workshops will be provided by experts in the academic, industrial, and government sectors, and cover wide-ranging issues pertinent to the conduct of clinical research. The training provided qualifies students to manage and design clinical research studies in both academic and industrial settings.